1.2 Arduno class

1.3 Ledm class

1.4 Tlcd class

2. Ardpy : arduino library

2.1 public methods

Ardpy : Arduino controlled by python

1. first example

 The Arduino function can be called from python shell very easily like this.

In the Arduino program (right side), the two functions ledon() and ledoff() are registered by Ardpy.add_func(). Firstly registered function has number 0 and secondly registered one has number 1.

 In the python shell, you can simply create Ardpy object and by using the method _exec_func() the arduino functions called. That is, _exec_func(0) executes ledon() Arduino function, and _exec_func(1) executes ledoff().

 The registered Arduino function using Ardpy.add_func() must be void(input)-void(output) function. How to transmit input arguments and how to get returned value are explained in the next example.

2. second example

 Using _set_arg() method in Ardpy class, you can transmit arguments to the Arduino function. In the Arduino side, Ardpy class has methods to receive the arguments from python. (for example get_byte(), get_int(), etc.). Ardpy class of Arduino side also has the method set_ret() that transmits an obtained (or calculated) value to the python side. The following example is for calling ananlogRead() function of the Arduino board using python script.

The ADC value (ret variable in aread() function in right hand side) of Arduino is sent to the python by set_ret() method. The return value of _exec_func() python method is the ADC value received from Arduino. Thus variable ret0 and ret1 (left hand side) is the resulting ADC values (ret variable in aread() function) of Arduino. (right hand side)

 The python method _set_arg() can transmit various data types. Refer to API page.

 ardpy, the pyhon3 package, contains Arduino llibrary ‘Ardpy’ that makes it very easy to communicate between Arduino and Raspberry pi using python via i2c protocol. Before using it, the following configure procedures are required.

1. configuring i2c for Raspberry pi

 You must configure Raspberry pi to enable i2c. Refer to the follwing page:

Configure i2c : Raspberry pi

2. connect wires for i2c between Arduino and Raspberry pi

 The GPIO pins on Raspberry pi use 3.3V while most Arduino boards are activated on 5V. Thus, a voltage level converter is required. The level-converting circuit is very simple and one can easily buy a low-priced hardware module. (for example, see fig. 1)

[fig. 1] voltage level converter

Using this voltage level converter, wiring between Raspberry pi and Arduino nano are illustrated in fig. 2.

[fig, 2] wiring for i2c communication between RPi and Arduino nano

3. installing Ardpy arduino library

 You can use PC or Raspberry pi to program Arduino board. If you use PC, download Ardpy.zip at the following github release page:

https://github.com/salesiopark/Ardpy/releases

After downloading, in the Arduino IDE, navigate to Sketch > Include Library. At the top of the drop down list, select the option to "Add .ZIP Library''. You will be prompted to select the library you would like to add. Navigate to the Ardpy.zip file's location and open it.

[fig.3] add arduino zipped library in Mac PC

 If you use Raspberry pi to develop Arduino board, install Arduino IDE first using the following command.

Then, after executing IDE, the following directory created in the user home directory.

In this directory, Arduino library files are to be located. Go to that directory and download Ardpy library files (Ardpy.h, Ardpy.cpp, keywords,txt) using the following git command.

Then, the Ardpy directory is automatically created and the following files with some other source files  are copied into it.

3.3 test Ardpy library are properly installed

If the Ardpy library is properly installed, the following Arduino program must be successfully compiled without errors, Note that <Wire.h> must be included before <Ardpy.h> header file.

 The Ardpy.begin() method initiates i2c communication and the first argument to the function is i2c address (0x03~0x77). If this is download into Arduino board and if it is correctly wired to the Raspberry pi’s i2c pins (refer fig. 2), the i2cdetect command must show the 0x10 address as follows.

4. installing python package

 The ardpy package is programmed using python3 (not python2) and, in case of raspbian, python3 is pre-installed. And ardpy requires smbus package. Thus, it must be installed before installing ardpy. Note that python3-smbus is to be installed. (not for python2)

Then, ardpy can be easily installed using the following command.

After that, in the python3 shell, it must be imported without error.

This is it. All the pre-configures are completed. Some example codes are here.

Ardpy : Arduino controlled by python

 The ardpy is a python and Arduino library that makes it easy to control Arduino board using python via i2c communication. This package contains Ardpy library for Arduino that automates i2c communication.

 If the Raspberry Pi is set to enable i2c and is wired to the Arduino through i2c pins (SCL/SDL), you can call the Arduino function using python method in ardpy package. The following figure illustrates how to wire Raspberry Pi and Arduino nano through voltage level converter. (refer setup page)

 For example, you can call the analogRead() function of the Adruino in the python shell as:

 As seen in this example, you can make your own arduino application board controllable by python very easily using Ardpy.

c{ardpy001}

1. 새로운 유저를 만든다.

2. ~/.config/lxpanel 디렉토리의 내용의 새로운 유저의 것들로 덮어쓴다.

이제 재부팅하면 된다.

c{ln017}

긴 문서를 읽거나 편집할 때 무척이나 유용한 키인데 맥북에는 보이지 않는데 이와 동일한 기능을 제공한다.

• Home : Fn + 왼쪽 화살표

• End : Fn + 오른쪽 화살표

• PageUp : Fn + 위로 향하는 화살표

• Page Down : Fn + 아래로 향하는 화살표

Fn키와 커서키의 조합이라 약간 불편하긴 하다.

c{mac001}